Ti/CFRP超混杂层板的研究与应用展望

Ti/CFRP超混杂层板具有高比强度、高损伤容限及优异的疲劳性能,是航空航天领域的重要选材对象之一。界面性能决定了层板综合力学性能的好坏,是Ti/CFRP层板目前的研究热点。首先综述了钛和钛合金不同表面处理工艺;然后介绍了Ti/CFRP层板力学性能试验及理论预报的研究现状;最后通过分析Ti/CFRP层板航空航天领域的现有应用情况,展望了Ti/CFRP层板未来潜在的应用方向。     

Ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior during ultrasonic peening drilling of Ti-6Al-4V

Imposing compressive residual stress field around a fastening hole serves as a universal method to enhance the hole fatigue strength in the aircraft assembly filed. Ultrasonic Peening Drilling (UPD) is a recently proposed hybrid hole making process, which can achieve an integration of strengthening and precision-machining with a one-shot-drilling operation. Due to the ironing effect of tool flank surface, UPD introduces large compressive residual stress filed in hole subsurface. In order to reveal the strengthening mechanism of UPD, the influence of ultrasonic vibration and tool dynamic relief angle on ironing coverage rate and its corresponding effect on surface integrity in UPD were analyzed. The experiments were conducted to verify the influence of ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V hole in UPD. The results indicate that the specimen features smaller surface roughness, higher micro-hardness, plastic deformation degree and circumferential compress residual stress under higher ironing coverage rate. The fatigue life increases with the raise of ironing coverage rate, and the fatigue source site in UPD shifts from surface to subsurface comparing with that without vibration assistance. The results demonstrates that a better strengthening effect can be obtained by reasonably controlling the ironing coverage rate in UPD.     

准分子激光表面处理对CFRP胶接强度的影响

采用准分子激光表面处理技术用于碳纤维复合材料胶接面的预处理,通过对照试验、显微镜观察研究了表面处理方式、处理后清洗方式对胶接强度和离散系数的影响。结果表明:准分子激光表面预处理技术用于处理碳纤维复合材料胶接表面能明显提高其胶接强度,与砂纸打磨处理试片的胶接强度相当,但采用准分子激光处理的试片的胶接强度离散系数相对较小。     

Exploring the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on urban cooling: A tale of three cities

COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on our society, environment and public health, in both positive and negative ways. The main aim of this study is to monitor the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on urban cooling. To do so, satellite images of Landsat 8 for Milan and Rome in Italy, and Wuhan in China were used to look at pre-lockdown and during the lockdown. First, the surface biophysical characteristics for the pre-lockdown and within-lockdown dates of COVID-19 were calculated. Then, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Landsat thermal data was normalized based on cold pixels LST and statistical parameters of normalized LST (NLST) were calculated. Thereafter, the correlation coefficient (r) between the NLST and index-based built-up index (IBI) was estimated. Finally, the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) of different cities on the lockdown and pre-lockdown periods was compared with each other. The mean NLST of built-up lands in Milan (from 7.71 °C to 2.32 °C), Rome (from 5.05 °C to 3.54 °C) and Wuhan (from 3.57 °C to 1.77 °C) decreased during the lockdown dates compared to pre-lockdown dates. The r (absolute value) between NLST and IBI for Milan, Rome and Wuhan decreased from 0.43, 0.41 and 0.16 in the pre-lockdown dates to 0.25, 0.24, and 0.12 during lockdown dates respectively, which shows a large decrease for all cities. Analysis of SUHI for these cities showed that SUHII during the lockdown dates compared to pre-lockdown dates decreased by 0.89 °C, 1.78 °C, and 1.07 °C respectively. The results indicated a high and substantial impact of anthropogenic activities and anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) on the SUHI due to the substantial reduction of huge anthropogenic pressure in cities. Our conclusions draw attention to the contribution of COVID-19 lockdowns (reducing the anthropogenic activities) to creating cooler cities.     

SiO2气凝胶骨架增强改性研究进展

分析SiO_2气凝胶骨架增强改性的特点,阐述了共前驱体、化学添加剂、老化、表面改性和热处理工艺在SiO_2气凝胶骨架增强方面的国内外研究动态和未来发展趋势,以期为设计并优化SiO_2气凝胶的微结构及性能提供理论依据和方法。     

进给速度对MI工艺制备SiCf/SiC复合材料加工损伤的影响

采用超声辅助磨削对MI工艺制备的SiC_f/SiC复合材料表面进行磨削加工，研究了进给速度对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：采用超声辅助磨削加工SiC_f/SiC复合材料表面时，加工区域出现纤维脱粘、断裂、破碎及基体裂纹和脱落现象，且纤维与基体界面会有裂纹产生。当进给速度提高时，复合材料表面损伤加重，导致其比例极限强度和最大载荷降低。进给速度由400 mm/min提高至1 000 mm/min时，SiC_f/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别降低4.7%和20.6%。     

Cr12MoV钢电火花辅助铣削实验研究

以典型难切削金属材料Cr12MoV模具钢为研究对象，使用ABAQUS对其在电火花放电条件下温度场进行数值模拟，在不同进给率下对其进行传统铣削和电火花辅助铣削对比试验。借助高速摄像机、扫描电镜和测力计等设备，对其切削力特征、表面形貌和刀具磨损进行了对比分析研究。结果表明，电火花辅助铣削的切削力比传统铣削降低28.57%~51.47%，表面粗糙度降低2/3。与传统铣削相比，电火花辅助铣削在降低切削力、提高表面质量和减少刀具磨损方面具有显著优势。     

模具表面状态对复合材料构件固化变形的影响

为查明不同模具表面状态下的复合材料构件应变演变规律及其对固化变形的影响,采用热电偶和光纤光栅传感器对不同模具表面状态下的复合材料构件在热压罐成型工艺过程中的温度和应变进行在线监测,获得不同模具表面状态下构件应变的变化规律。结果表明:升温阶段脱模布的使用能够有效屏蔽模具-构件界面相互作用,使构件在升温阶段的应变很小。三层脱模剂模具表面条件下构件中的应变明显小于一层脱模剂;降温阶段三种实验条件下在构件中都出现了较大的压应变,其中一层脱模剂模具表面状态下模具-构件相互作用力最大,在固化工艺完成后构件发生翘曲变形,且翘曲变形以沿纤维方向为主。     

航天器用钛合金表面镀覆技术

介绍了改进的钛合金镀覆前处理工艺,采用二次酸性浸锌的方法对钛合金进行活化,克服了钛合金表面易氧化造成的镀覆层结合不良的问题,并对比了不同磷含量对化学镀镍层结合性能的影响,在TC4及TA1钛合金表面制备得到了结合强度高的化学镀镍、镀金、镀银层。通过热震和划格法测试钛合金表面镀覆层与基体的结合强度;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、3D显微镜、金相显微镜等方法对镀层微观形貌和组成进行测试;并测试了镀层的电化学性能、镀银层的导电性以及镀金层的热辐射性能。实验结果表明:采用酸性浸锌溶液对钛合金进行活化,并以中磷镍作为底镀层,能够显著提高钛合金表面镀覆层的结合强度。化学镀镍层的腐蚀电位相对于钛合金基体提高了60 mV,镀金层的腐蚀电位则提高了600 mV。镀层的导电性、热控性能等都较基体钛合金有明显的提高。     

Influence and experiment of cable-net manufacturing errors on surface accuracy of mesh reflector antennas

Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas. Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process, the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates. This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas, and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy. Firstly, the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted. Secondly, a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors. Thirdly, two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made. Finally, numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy. Moreover, the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process, and thereby improves the deployment reliability.